Solar cells for energy supply of T-Ray and X-Ray analysis devices in combination with Sonographers

1. Introduction

The continuous miniaturization and integration of medical and material analysis devices has led to an increasing need for autonomous, portable power sources. Particularly in remote areas, disaster zones or mobile laboratories, conventional power sources are often unavailable or impractical. The combination of solar cells as a power source with state-of-the-art analysis devices such as T-Ray (Terahertz) and X-Ray systems, as well as Sonographers (Ultrasound), offers a promising opportunity for autonomous diagnostics and material analysis.

This study examines the feasibility and technical requirements of such hybrid systems, highlighting physical principles, component integration, application scenarios, and future development possibilities.

2. Physical Principles of the Technologies Used

2.1 Solar cells as a Power Source

Solar cells convert sunlight into electrical energy using the photoelectric effect. Silicon-based cells (mono- and polycrystalline) are widely used, while thin-film cells (e.g., CIGS, CdTe) are particularly interesting for flexible, mobile applications.
Efficiency:

• Standard silicon cells: 15–22 %

• Tandem cells or perovskite hybrids: up to 30 % in laboratory experiments

Power generation depends on:

• Irradiance intensity

• Angle of incidence

• Temperature

• Cell type

A modern 1 m² panel delivers approximately 150–200 W under optimal sunlight conditions.

2.2 T-Ray Systems (Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging)

T-Rays operate in the frequency range of 0.1 to 10 THz (between microwaves and infrared). They offer:

• Non-destructive material analysis

• Detection of molecular fingerprints

• Good penetration through plastics, textiles, ceramics

• No ionizing radiation (safe for biological tissue)

Power requirements: Depending on the system, between 10–50 W during continuous operation (FEMTOsecond laser, detection units, data processing).

2.3 X-Ray Systems (X-ray Diagnostics)

X-ray devices generate electromagnetic waves in the keV range (100–150 keV typical). Typical applications:

• Medical imaging

• Security and material testing

• Crystal structure analysis

Power requirements: Stationary systems require 1–5 kW, portable systems 200–500 W temporarily (buffered via capacitors).

2.4 Sonographers (Ultrasound Devices)

Sonographers emit high-frequency sound waves (1–15 MHz) and capture their reflections for imaging.
Advantages:

• Non-invasive

• Mobile and battery operated possible

• Real-time display

Power requirements: Mobile systems require 5–50 W, depending on processing power and display technology.

3. System Integration: Solar Cells + Analysis Devices

3.1 Energy Management and Storage

Since sunlight is not constantly available, buffer batteries or supercapacitors are required.
Recommended storage technologies:

• LiFePO₄ batteries: high cycle stability, safe

• Supercapacitors: for short-term peak power impulses (e.g., X-ray emission)

A smart energy management system (EMS) monitors:

• State of charge

• Load prioritization

• Power supply security (e.g., emergency operation only Sonograph active)

3.2 Mobile Modular Design

A portable combination system could include the following modules:

• Solar module array (foldable/rollable, e.g., 300 W peak power)

• Power unit (battery, capacitor bank, converter)

• T-Ray unit (e.g., for skin, tissue or material inspection)

• X-Ray unit (mobile, shielded, possibly operated in pulsed mode)

• Sonography unit (tablet-based or integrated)

3.3 Data Processing and Visualization

Embedded systems (e.g., ARM-SoCs with AI accelerators) can process, interpret, and display image data locally on a power-saving touchscreen or transmit it wirelessly (e.g., via 5G or satellite).

4. Applications and Benefits

4.1 Medical Diagnostics in Remote Areas